Simultaneous Determination of Six Compounds in Rat Plasma by Ultra‑Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application in the Pharmacokinetic Study of Qing Gan‑Shu Yu‑Fang

A rapid and high selective ultra?performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of six compounds including albiflorin, paeoniflorin, picroside I, picroside II, saikosaponin A, and saikosaponin D in rat plasma was developed and validated using butyl p-hydroxybenzoate as an internal standard. One-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used to extract the compounds from the rat plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, using gradient mode containing 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile were used as the Mobile phase A and B. Electrospray ionization in negative ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to identify and quantify active components. Calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9908) over a wide concentration range for all compounds. The intra- and interday precision (relative standard deviation) ranged 2.4%–7.0% and 2.6%–8.0%, respectively. The accuracy (relative error) was from ?13.0% to 13.2% at all quality control levels. The recovery ranged from 81.1% to 92.5%. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of Qing Gan?Shu Yu?Fang. The results show that one can draw a conclusion that these six active ingredients can be quickly absorbed and play a pharmacodynamic role rapidly in vivo.     

Longistylin A,a natural stilbene isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan,exhibits significant anti-MRSA activity

Longistylin A (LLA) is an abundant stilbene isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. However, the antibacterial effect of LLA is not yet understood. Therefore, in this study, a detailed investigation of the antibacterial effect of LLA, particularly against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), was conducted. In vitro, LLA exhibited strong antibacterial activity against MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.56 µg/mL and displayed much more rapid bactericidal activity (3-log decrease in MRSA survival within 8 h) than vancomycin. A membrane-targeting experiment suggested that the antibacterial activity of LLA is associated with perturbation of the bacterial membrane potential and increased membrane permeability. Notably, LLA had relatively weak cytotoxicity to murine macrophages [50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) = 8.61 ± 0.57 µg/mL]. In vivo, topical treatment of a skin injury with LLA improved wound healing and closure in an MRSA-infected wound healing mouse model. After 3 days treatment, LLA decreased MRSA bacterial counts in the wounded region, reduced the accumulation of immune cells at the injury site, and alleviated induction of the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (180.74 ± 10.78 pg/mL vs. 606.57 ± 68.99 pg/mL) and interleukin-6 (87.25 ± 10.19 pg/mL vs. 280.58 ± 42.27 pg/mL) in serum.     

Association of weight-adjusted-waist index with incident hypertension: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study

AimsTo explore the association between WWI and the incidence of HTN in the Rural Chinese Cohort Study.Methods and ResultsWe examined data for 10,338 non-hypertensive participants (39.49% men) aged ≥ 18 years from the Rural Chinese Cohort Study who completed a baseline examination during 2007–2008 and follow-up during 2013–2014. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of weight (kg). Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the probability of HTN across four WWI categories. Restricted cubic splines analysis was used to model the dose–response association of WWI and HTN. A total of 2078 participants had HTN during a median follow-up of 6 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, as compared with the lowest WWI category (<9.94 cm/√kg), with WWI 9.94 to 10.42, 10.42 to 10.91 and ≥ 10.91 cm/√kg, the ORs (95% CIs) for HTN were 1.12 (0.93–1.35), 1.40 (1.17–1.69) and 1.50 (1.24–1.82), respectively. Results of the sensitivity analyses were robust. The ORs were generally consistent on subgroup analysis by sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Multiple logistic regression models with restricted cubic splines showed a non-linear positive association between WWI and HTN (P_nonlinearity < 0.001).ConclusionThe highest WWI category was significantly associated with increased risk of HTN. Our findings may facilitate the development and promotion of obesity prevention strategies aimed at reducing the risk of HTN and provide evidence for healthcare policy in rural China.     

Vacuum myofascial therapy device for non-specific neck pain. A single blind randomized clinical trial

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a vacuum myofascial therapy device (VT) for improving pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), range of motion (ROM), neck pain-related disability, pain, and quality of life in patients with non-specific neck pain.MethodsA randomized controlled trial in which thirty-eight participants with non-specific neck pain (NP) were randomly assigned to either an experimental (VT) or a comparison physical therapy program (PTP) group. The VT group (n = 19) received five sessions of treatment with a vacuum myofascial therapy device while the PTP group (n = 19) received five sessions of massage, ultrasound therapy (US), and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) over two weeks. The outcome measures were the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), range of motion, quality of life (SF-12), neck disability Index (NDI), and PPTs at the end of treatment and at one-month follow-up.ResultsAlthough both groups experienced improvements in pain, neck disability, range of motion, and pressure pain, these only were statistically significant in the VT group. At one-month follow-up, the VT group still showed improvements in pain, neck disability, and range of motion.DiscussionVacuum myofascial therapy applied with a device offers similar results to other vacuum-based techniques such as cupping therapy. Moreover, in this device the parameters are digitally controlled, which allows for the precise reproduction of treatment.     

双排螺旋CT仿真内窥镜在膀胱癌的应用

目的 探讨螺旋CT仿真膀胱镜(CTVC)对膀胱癌的临床应用价值.方法 对临床具备指征的26例患者,在常规盆腔平扫 增强CT后憋尿延迟15～30分钟,待膀胱充盈造影剂满意后取仰卧位扫描,行膀胱区域薄层螺旋CT扫描,应用工作站采集延长期扫描拆薄的图像行后期处理做成CTVC成像.全部病例有纤维膀胱镜(FC)对照,并将两种检查结果结合手术病理结果作对照分析.结果 26例患者CTVC共发现病灶结节30个,FC镜检发现病灶结节39个,对直径＞0.5cm肿瘤,CTVC可清楚显示,但对肿瘤周围小结节子灶及三角区小滤泡样肿物CTVC均不易捡出,对膀胱肿瘤的显示对比,结果有显著差异(x2=8.03,P=0.0046).对直径≤0.5cm的肿瘤,2例CT轴位像未能发现,但CTVC能显示.对膀胱癌的诊断CTVC的符合率为100%.结论 CTVC图像形象、直观,不仅看见膀胱腔内形状,对浸润范围结合CT轴位及冠矢状位重建也可清晰地显示,诊断膀胱肿瘤具有较好的应用价值.对临床高度怀疑膀胱肿瘤,而常规CT扫描未发现病灶者,应该行CTVC,以减少漏诊.而对于直径≤0.5cm的肿瘤,尽管CTVC可以发现部分病灶,但是相对于纤维膀胱镜,其敏感性仍不够满意.注意层厚、层距的选择,延长憋尿时间,使用合适的窗宽、窗位等,可能有助于提高小病灶的检出.     

甲氧苄氨嘧啶—PVP共沉淀物的研究

本工作用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究甲氧苄氨嘧啶与PVP溶剂法制备的共沉淀物,表明已不存在甲氧苄氨嘧啶晶体。用x射线衍射法研究了1:12共沉淀物,证明无甲氧苄氨嘧啶的晶体衍射峰。经分光光度法测定结果,1:12共沉淀物比原药的溶解度大28.3倍。     

氟乙酰胺的极谱测定法

目的建立微量氟乙酰胺的极谱分析法。方法应用氟乙酰胺在高温强碱条件下的分解反应,利用极谱法对其分解产物形成的ALC-La-F-三元络合物在pH=4.90的含KNO3的六次甲基四胺缓冲液中的-0.67V处的络合物吸附波进行测定。结果在所选定的最佳条件下,氟乙酰胺的线性范围为5.0×10-8～1.2×10-6mol/L,回归方程y=3.49x+0.042,相关系数r=0.9996,方法的检测下限为2.0×10-8mol/L。结论该法可用于测定面粉中的氟乙酰胺。     

广东省城市社区卫生服务机构功能完善情况调查

目的 调查广东省不同组织形式的社区卫生服务机构功能完善情况。方法 采用问卷和现场检查的方式。结果 广东省城市社区卫生服务机构功能完善情况总体较好，但对某些服务功能如上级医院向下转诊、计划免疫工作的开展、配合计划生育工作等在不同组织形式中完善程度差异很大。结论 在社区卫生服务中，要进一步加强和完善健康教育进入社区、上级医院向下转诊、机构内计划免疫服务、家庭健康档案的建立等工作。